Transitioning from postsecondary education to employment is challenging for many graduates, but those with disabilities often face additional barriers. These barriers can limit access to fair and inclusive jobs, negatively affecting full participation in the workforce. There has been little research in Canada comparing employment outcomes for graduates with and without disabilities. This lack of data makes it harder for policymakers to design effective strategies to support persons with disabilities transitioning from postsecondary education to the workforce.
This report presents an analysis of data from the 2018 National Graduates Survey (NGS), the first to include disability-related questions using a social model approach. The research examines differences in education, employment, job quality, and student debt among graduates aged 18 to 35. The findings provide valuable insights to inform national initiatives like Canada’s Disability Inclusion Action Plan and the Accessible Canada Act.
Key Findings
- Prevalence and Profile: About 23% of graduates—roughly 75,790 individuals—reported having a disability. Most were women (68%), and mental health-related disabilities were the most common (58%). Graduates with disabilities were less likely to study in STEM or business fields and more likely to choose social sciences.
- Employment Outcomes: Employment rates were slightly lower for graduates with disabilities (86% vs. 90%). Even after accounting for other factors, they had 20% lower odds of being employed. Those with mobility or mental health-related disabilities faced the greatest challenges.
- Job Quality and Earnings: Graduates with disabilities were more likely to work in part-time or temporary jobs, be overqualified, and earn less than their peers. In 2018, their median annual earnings were $44,991 compared to $49,988 for graduates without disabilities.
- Student Debt: Graduates with disabilities were more likely to have student debt and less likely to repay it within three years. They also relied on more funding sources, adding financial strain.
Conclusion
Graduates with disabilities experience persistent gaps in employment, job quality, earnings, and debt repayment. These disparities highlight the need for targeted supports and inclusive policies to ensure equal opportunities in Canada’s labour market.
